selenium 学习

启动

firefox

安装foxmail driver

https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

这里写了当前driver满足的版本问题

这里用的虚拟环境非虚拟环境直接放到使用的python的scripts目录下即可保持与使用的python同级目录

pip3 install selenium

开个firefox

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/")

他说找不到moz:firefoxOptions.binary 也就是找不到firefox的二进制文件

那么我们就添加上

Chrome

一键搭建

pip3 install webdriver-helper==1.0.1

import time

from  webdriver_helper import *
driver = get_webdriver()
# 默认chrome
driver.get("http://baidu.com")
# 访问百度
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

import time

from  webdriver_helper import *

with get_webdriver() as driver:
    #类似文件操作
    driver.get("http://baidu.com")

元素定位

根据文本定位

import time

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from  webdriver_helper import *

with get_webdriver() as driver:
    #类似文件操作
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
    time.sleep(3)
    el = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"登录")
    print(el)
    # 通过文本定位一个元素
    el2 = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,"登")
    print(el2)

属性定位

<input id="search-input" name="wd" type="text" placeholder="其实搜索很简单^_^ !" value="" autocomplete="off">

el = driver.find_element(By.ID,"search-input")
el = driver.find_element(By.NAME,"wd")
el = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME,"search-group")
el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,"search-group")

通用定位

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#search-input")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"/html/body/div[6]/div/div[1]/div[2]/a[1]")

XPATH选择器

语法

/ (开头) 根路径 /html/body/div
// 任意层级(包括下级下级的下级) //div
@属性 //a[@target=”_top”]
/(中间) 下一级 //p/input
. 本级
.. 上一级

函数

text 获取元素内的文本

$x("//a[text()='vivo X5MAX L 移动4G 八核超薄大屏5.5吋双卡手机vivoX5max']")

contains 任意位置包含
$x("//a[contains(text(),'vivo')]")
starts-with 开头
$x("//a[starts-with(text(),'vivo')]")

实践

登录一闪而过

使用debugger 进行停止

先在控制台输入debugger 点击登录之后立即按回车

import pdb
import time

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from  webdriver_helper import *

# <input id="search-input" name="wd" type="text" placeholder="其实搜索很简单^_^ !" value="" autocomplete="off">
with get_webdriver() as driver:
    #类似文件操作
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
    driver.maximize_window()
    # 窗口最大化
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//a[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg=="登录成功"
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//a[text()="vivo X5MAX L 移动4G 八核超薄大屏5.5吋双卡手机vivoX5max"]').click()
    # print(driver.current_window_handle)
    # 打印当前的窗口 id
    # print(driver.window_handles[1])
    # 打印所有的窗口 id 中的第2个
    driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
    print(driver.current_url)
    # 打印当前窗口的url

    driver.find_element(By.ID,"text_box").send_keys("2")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//button[@title="点此按钮到下一步确认购买信息"]').click()
    driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
    # 接受弹框
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//span[text()="货到付款"]').click()
    driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//button[@title="点击此按钮，提交订单"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg=="操作成功"

pytest

pip3 install pytest

import time

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_helper import get_webdriver



def test_login_ok():
    with get_webdriver() as driver:
        # 类似文件操作
        driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
        driver.maximize_window()
        # 窗口最大化
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="登录"]').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
        assert msg == "登录成功"
def test_login_fail():
    with get_webdriver() as driver:
        # 类似文件操作
        driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
        driver.maximize_window()
        # 窗口最大化
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="登录"]').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123123123")
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
        assert msg == "密码错误"

def test_order_ok():
    with get_webdriver() as driver:
        driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
        driver.maximize_window()
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="vivo X5MAX L 移动4G 八核超薄大屏5.5吋双卡手机vivoX5max"]').click()
        # print(driver.current_window_handle)
        # 打印当前的窗口 id
        # print(driver.window_handles[1])
        # 打印所有的窗口 id 中的第2个
        driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
        print(driver.current_url)
        # 打印当前窗口的url

        driver.find_element(By.ID, "text_box").send_keys("2")
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[@title="点此按钮到下一步确认购买信息"]').click()
        driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
        # 接受弹框
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//span[text()="货到付款"]').click()
        driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[@title="点击此按钮，提交订单"]').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
        assert msg == "操作成功"

由于这里没有登录因此这里未通过

夹具

import time

import pytest
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_helper import get_webdriver

@pytest.fixture()
# 添加装饰器
def driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    # 添加一个函数
    return driver

def test_login_ok(driver):
   #在测试中添加 夹具函数名字
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
    driver.maximize_window()
    # 窗口最大化
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "登录成功"

夹具的范围

这种写法会启动两次

@pytest.fixture()
def driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")

    # 前置部分,在测试用例之前执行
    yield driver
    # 后置部分,在测试用例之后执行
    print("测试用例执行完成")
    driver.quit()

scope

function 默认每个用例执行一次
class 每个类执行一次
module 每个文件执行一次
package 每个包只执行一次
session 整个测试过程执行一次

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def driver():

注意修改的代码

import time

import pytest
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_helper import get_webdriver

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")

    # 前置部分,在测试用例之前执行

    yield driver
    # 后置部分,在测试用例之后执行
    print("测试用例执行完成")
    driver.quit()

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def user_driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    # 前置部分,在测试用例之前执行
    # 登录页面
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=user/logininfo.html")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "登录成功"

    yield driver
    # 后置部分,在测试用例之后执行
    print("测试用例执行完成")
    driver.quit()
def test_login_ok(driver):

    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")

    # 窗口最大化
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "登录成功"
def test_login_fail(driver):
    driver.delete_all_cookies()
    # 删除所有cookies
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
    driver.maximize_window()
    # 窗口最大化
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "密码错误"

def test_order_ok(user_driver):
    # 注意这里需要修改成 user_driver
    user_driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")
    user_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[text()="vivo X5MAX L 移动4G 八核超薄大屏5.5吋双卡手机vivoX5max"]').click()
    # print(driver.current_window_handle)
    # 打印当前的窗口 id
    # print(driver.window_handles[1])
    # 打印所有的窗口 id 中的第2个
    user_driver.switch_to.window(user_driver.window_handles[1])
    print(user_driver.current_url)
    # 打印当前窗口的url

    user_driver.find_element(By.ID, "text_box").send_keys("2")
    user_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[@title="点此按钮到下一步确认购买信息"]').click()
    user_driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
    # 接受弹框
    user_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//span[text()="货到付款"]').click()
    user_driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
    user_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[@title="点击此按钮，提交订单"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = user_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "操作成功"

pages.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import *

class BasePage:
    _loc_msg ='//p[@class="prompt-msg"]'
    def __init__(self,driver: webdriver.Chrome):
        # 在实例化是创建的
        self._driver = driver
        self._wait = WebDriverWait(driver,10)
    #     用来处理浏览器的等待时间 最长时间为10秒
    def __getattr__(self, item):
        key = f"_loc_"+item
        xpath = getattr(self,key)
        if xpath:
            return self.get_element(xpath)
        raise AttributeError("属性不存在异常")
    def get_element(self,xpath):
        """
        元素定位会自动等待
        :param xpath:
        :return:
        """
        el = self._wait.until(
            visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH,xpath))
        #     直到找到xpath结束 否则执行 10秒
        )
        return el
    def alert_ok(self):
        alert = self._wait.until(alert_is_present())
        # 等待弹窗出现
        alert.accept()
        # 点击接受
class LoginPage(BasePage):
    _loc_username = '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]'
    _loc_password = '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]'
    _loc_btn = '//button[text()="登录"]'
    def login(self,username,password):
        self.username.send_keys(username)
        self.password.send_keys(password)
        self.btn.click()

import time

import pytest
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from webdriver_helper import get_webdriver
from pages import  *
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/")

    # 前置部分,在测试用例之前执行

    yield driver
    # 后置部分,在测试用例之后执行
    print("测试用例执行完成")
    driver.quit()

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def user_driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    # 前置部分,在测试用例之前执行
    # 登录页面
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=user/logininfo.html")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]').send_keys("wanan")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]').send_keys("123123")
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="登录"]').click()
    time.sleep(0.5)
    msg = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[@class="prompt-msg"]').text
    assert msg == "登录成功"

    yield driver
    # 后置部分,在测试用例之后执行
    print("测试用例执行完成")
    driver.quit()
def test_login_ok(driver):

    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=user/logininfo.html")
    page = LoginPage(driver)
    page.login("wanan","123123")
    assert page.msg.text == "登录成功"

不同参数测试

import pytest


def test_a():
    print("这是个测试用例")
@pytest.mark.parametrize('i',range(5))
def test_b(i):
    print(f"这是第{i}个测试用例")

多组测试用例测试添加地址

pages.py

import pdb
import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import *

class BasePage:
    _loc_msg ='//p[@class="prompt-msg"]'
    def __init__(self,driver: webdriver.Chrome):
        # 在实例化是创建的
        self._driver = driver
        self._wait = WebDriverWait(driver,10)
    #     用来处理浏览器的等待时间 最长时间为10秒
    def __getattr__(self, item):
        key = f"_loc_"+item
        xpath = getattr(self,key)
        if xpath:
            return self.get_element(xpath)
        raise AttributeError("属性不存在异常")
    def get_element(self,xpath):
        """
        元素定位会自动等待
        :param xpath:
        :return:
        """
        el = self._wait.until(
            visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH,xpath))
        #     直到找到xpath结束 否则执行 10秒
        )
        return el
    def alert_ok(self):
        alert = self._wait.until(alert_is_present())
        # 等待弹窗出现
        alert.accept()
        # 点击接受
class LoginPage(BasePage):
    _loc_username = '//input[@data-validation-message="请填写登录账号"]'
    _loc_password = '//input[@placeholder="请输入登录密码"]'
    _loc_btn = '//button[text()="登录"]'
    def login(self,username,password):
        self.username.send_keys(username)
        self.password.send_keys(password)
        self.btn.click()
class AddressPage(BasePage):
    _loc_new = '//button[@data-popup-title="新增地址"]'
    _loc_name = '/html/body/div[1]/form/div[2]/input'
    _loc_tel = '/html/body/div[1]/form/div[3]/input'
    _loc_sheng = '/html/body/div[1]/form/div[4]/div[1]'
    _loc_shi = '/html/body/div[1]/form/div[4]/div[2]'
    _loc_qu = '/html/body/div[1]/form/div[4]/div[3]'
    _loc_addr = '//*[@id="form-address"]'
    _loc_btn = "/html/body/div[1]/form/div[7]/button"
    def click_new(self):
        self.new.click()
        self.alert_ok()
        iframe = self.get_element('//iframe[@src="http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=useraddress/saveinfo.html"]')
        self._driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)
    #     这里是切换到iframe
    def input_info(self,name,tel,sheng,shi,qu,addr):
        self.name.send_keys(name)
        self.tel.send_keys(tel)
        self.div_select(self.sheng,sheng)
        self.div_select(self.shi,shi)
        self.div_select(self.qu,qu)
        self.addr.send_keys(addr)

    def div_select(self,el,value):
        el.click()
        el.find_element(By.XPATH,"./div/div/input").send_keys(value)
        el.find_element(By.XPATH,'./div/ul/li').click()
    def click_save(self):
        self.btn.click()

p1.py

import pytest
from webdriver_helper import get_webdriver

from pages import *


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def user_driver():
    driver = get_webdriver()
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=user/logininfo.html")
    login_page = LoginPage(driver)
    login_page.login("wanan","123123")
    assert login_page.msg.text == "登录成功"
    driver.get("http://101.34.221.219:8010/?s=useraddress/index.html")

    yield driver
    driver.quit()
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name,tel,sheng,shi,qu,addr,msg",
                         [
                             ["wanan","123456","北京市","东城区","东华门街道","一号楼","操作成功"],
                             ["","","","","","","姓名格式 2~16 个字符之间"],
                          ]
                         )
def test_new_address(user_driver,name,tel,sheng,shi,qu,addr,msg):
    page = AddressPage(user_driver)
    page.click_new()
    page.input_info(name,tel, sheng, shi, qu, addr)
    page.click_save()
    assert page.msg.text == msg